Robert K. Merton’s Theory of Conformity and Deviance 1️⃣ Background and Context Robert K. Merton (1910–2003), a key American functionalist, expanded upon Durkheim’s concept of anomie to explain deviant behavior within structured societies. Whereas Durkheim viewed anomie as a breakdown…
Talcott Parsons’ Theory of Social Systems A concise, exam-focused breakdown of Parsons’ structural functionalism—highlighting his AGIL model, pattern variables, systemic equilibrium, and criticisms. Perfect for last-minute UPSC Sociology revision. 1️⃣ Background Talcott Parsons (1902–1979) was the chief architect of structural…
The “Iron Cage of Bureaucracy” — Max Weber 1) What Weber Meant Weber used the metaphor “iron cage” to describe the condition of modern individuals and institutions caught within systems of formal rationality—fixed rules, calculation, documentation, and hierarchical control. Bureaucracy…
Max Weber — Theory of Authority and BureaucracyWeber’s framework explaining legitimacy of power and rational organization in modern societies. Exam Focus Covers Power vs Authority, Three types of Authority, Features of Bureaucracy, Dysfunctions, and Routinization of Charisma. 1️⃣ Background and…
Max Weber’s Theory of Social ActionWeber’s interpretive framework that studies subjective meanings individuals attach to their actions. Exam Focus Covers meaning of social action, types of action, Verstehen, Ideal Type, and rationalization — crucial for Paper I (Sociological Thinkers). 1️⃣…
Robert K. Merton’s Theory of Manifest FunctionsIntended and recognized consequences of a social action or institution. & Latent FunctionsUnintended and unrecognized consequences—often revealing hidden social patterns. Exam Focus Distinguish between stated purposes and actual consequences; cite classic cases (e.g., rain…
Robert K. Merton: Essential Sociological Theories for UPSC A comprehensive summary of Latent and Manifest Functions, Conformity and Deviance (Strain Theory), and Reference Groups for quick UPSC Sociology revision. Merton’s Core Sociological Theories: Quick Reference Theory Core Concept Revision Focus…
Complete Medieval History Terminology List (UPSC) Comprehensive Medieval History Glossary (UPSC) This glossary provides a detailed, chapter-wise compilation of administrative, social, and economic **Medieval History terms**. These terminologies are frequently tested in the UPSC Civil Services Prelims, drawn from both…
Complete Ancient History Terminology List (UPSC) Comprehensive Ancient History Glossary (UPSC) This exhaustive compilation contains all the specific historical and administrative terms crucial for the UPSC Civil Services Examination, meticulously organized by chapter. 1. Advent of the Aryans/Early Rig Vedic…
Émile Durkheim’s Theories: A Comprehensive Summary for UPSC Sociology Durkheim’s work is the foundational text for the functionalist perspective. He aimed to study society scientifically by treating **social facts** as things, defining sociology as the science of institutions, and seeking…
Talcott Parsons is a key figure in classical sociological theory, known for his **Structural Functionalism** and highly abstract, integrated theoretical system. For UPSC aspirants, a comprehensive summary focuses on his core concepts: **Social Action, Social System, Pattern Variables, AGIL Scheme,…
Karl Marx — Theories in a Nutshell (Hover for Meanings) 1) Historical Materialism Concept Explanation Base & Superstructure Economic base determines superstructure. Material Conditions Material/economic forces drive history, not ideas. Dialectical Process Change via contradictions → Thesis → Antithesis →…
Question 1. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Compare directional and non-directional therapies with reference to their effectiveness. Directional therapies (like psychoanalysis and behavior therapy) focus on structured, therapist-driven interventions. These therapies guide the patient towards…
SECTION ‘A’ Write short answers, with a sociological perspective, on the following questions in about 150 words each:a). Highlight the significant features of A.R. Desai’s ‘Dialectical Perspective’ to study Indian Society. Answer- A.R. Desai’s dialectical perspective focuses on the study…
Sociology, like other social sciences, seeks to understand human behavior and societal dynamics. However, it differs in its focus, methods, and scope. Below is a detailed comparison of Sociology with Psychology, History, Economics, Philosophy, Anthropology, and Political Science. 1. Sociology…
Content visible only to IASNOVA PRO Subscribers To Subscribe, Click Here 1. Pandaram Lands Lakshadweep administration is actively numbering trees on Pandaram lands. Pandaram lands definition according to the Laccadive Minicoy and Amini Islands Land Revenue and Tenancy Regulation, 1965:…
Content visible only to IASNOVA PRO Subscribers. To subscribe, CLICK HERE 1. ISRO’s X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XpoSat) Launch Launch Announcement: ISRO has launched XpoSat, its first X-ray Polarimeter Satellite, to study X-ray polarization from cosmic sources like Black Holes, Neutron…
Content visible only to IASNOVA PRO Subscribers. To subscribe, CLICK HERE 1. Diverse Epigenetic Epidemiology Partnership – DEEP CSIR-CCMB, Hyderabad joins Diverse Epigenetic Epidemiology Partnership (DEEP). DEEP aims to study genetics of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in diverse populations. Five-year international…
Content visible only to IASNOVA PRO Subscribers. To subscribe, CLICK HERE 1. Indian Space Policy 2023 Aims to foster a commercial space presence with robust private sector involvement. Key Entities for Private Sector Participation: InSPACe: Single-window clearance for space activities,…
Content visible only to IASNOVA PRO Subscribers. To subscribe, CLICK HERE 1. Stratospheric Aerosol Intervention (SAI): Geoengineering method that involves injecting reflective aerosols into the stratosphere to reflect sunlight and cool the Earth, aiming to counteract global warming. Modeled after…
All the important tribes and PVTGs which have been in news recently and are important for UPSC Prelims 2024 exam are covered in this post.
Most Important Topics for UPSC Prelims 2024
Maldives and Lakshadweep have been in news in the recent past prominently and IASNOVA considers them important topics for UPSC Prelims 2024 around which questions can be asked, whether general information related to both or map-based questions, or questions on corals and reefs.
In News recently: Europe’s green steel mandate rocks Indian steel exports Green Steel Green steel refers to steel produced using environmentally friendly processes, with a major focus on reducing carbon dioxide emissions associated with traditional steelmaking. Definition: Green steel…
Introduction Ethical issues in international relations encompass a complex spectrum of concerns arising from the interactions between different nations. These interactions are governed not just by political and economic interests but are also deeply influenced by ethical considerations. The field…
Introduction The philosophical basis of governance and probity delves into the ethical frameworks and moral principles that underpin the functioning of governments and public institutions. This concept is rooted in the belief that governance should be guided by ethical considerations,…
Emotional Intelligence (EI) has become increasingly recognized as a vital skill in administration and governance. It involves the ability to understand, use, and manage emotions effectively to relieve stress, communicate effectively, empathize with others, overcome challenges, and defuse conflict. In…
Moral Attitudes Moral attitudes refer to the predispositions or orientations individuals have towards ethical principles, values, and judgments. They play a crucial role in guiding behavior and decision-making, especially in situations involving moral or ethical dilemmas. Nature of Moral Attitudes:…
Attitude’s influence on and relation with thought and behavior is a crucial area of study in psychology and ethics. Attitudes significantly shape how individuals think and behave, impacting their decision-making processes, interpersonal interactions, and overall approach to various situations. Attitude…
Kantianism, a philosophical theory developed by Immanuel Kant in the 18th century, emphasizes the principles of rationality, autonomy, and the moral law. It represents a significant shift from the consequentialist framework of utilitarianism to a deontological ethical theory, where the…
Rabindranath Tagore, a luminary of Indian culture, was a poet, writer, philosopher, educator, and Nobel laureate. Beyond his literary genius, Tagore was a visionary who advocated for educational and social reforms, and his thoughts on nationalism, internationalism, and spirituality continue…
Swami Dayananda Saraswati, a prominent Hindu religious leader and the founder of the Arya Samaj, significantly impacted Indian society in the 19th century. His teachings and reformist activities focused on reviving Vedic ideologies and practices, challenging prevailing religious superstitions, and…
Sri Aurobindo, an influential spiritual leader, philosopher, and nationalist, made significant contributions to the fields of spirituality, ethics, and human potential. His life and teachings provide profound insights into the integration of spiritual practices with daily life, offering valuable lessons…
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