International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) & INDIA








1.Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and Carbon Pricing Article 6 of the Paris Agreement aims at promoting integrated, holistic and balanced approaches that will assist governments in implementing their NDCs through voluntary international cooperation. This cooperation mechanism, if properly…







1. Central Asian Flyway The Central Asian Flyway (CAF) is a flyway covering a large continental area of Eurasia between the Arctic Ocean and the Indian Ocean and the associated island chains. The CAF comprises several important migration routes of waterbirds, most of which extend from the northernmost breeding grounds in Siberia to…



AGRICULTURE 3 options to increase food production- Agro chemical based agriculture Organic agriculture Genetically engineered crop-based agriculture Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) Plants, Bacteria, Fungi, and Animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called Genetically Modified Organisms. Advantages of GM…




1.Green-Ag Project The Union government on July 28, 2020, launched the Green-Ag Project in Mizoram, to reduce emissions from agriculture and ensure sustainable agricultural practices. Mizoram is one of the five states where the project will be implemented. Other states include Rajasthan,…

1. Dhruvastra India has tested a locally developed anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) system called Dhruvastra. Developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), the helicopter-launched Dhruvastra is designed to destroy enemy battle tanks, armoured vehicles and bunkers. Dhruvastra is…





Climate engineering, an application of geoengineering, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in Earth’s climatic system with the aim of reducing global warming. Climate engineering has two categories of technologies- 1.carbon dioxide removal 2.solar radiation management. Solar geoengineering is a…




Global Gender Gap Report- 2020 released by World Economic Forum India- 112/ 153- It was 108 in 2019 Based on 4 dimensions: o Economic Participation and Opportunity o Educational Attainment o Health and Survival, and o Political Empowerment. India is…

GSLV-Mk III / Chandrayaan-2 Mission Chandrayaan-2 launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota, India, aboard a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) rocket on July 22, 2019. Chandrayaan-2, India’s second mission to the Moon is a totally indigenous mission comprising…



GSAT-30 India’s telecommunication satellite GSAT-30 was successfully launched into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) on January 17, 2020 from Kourou launch base, French Guiana by Ariane-5 VA-251. GSAT-30 is configured on ISRO’s enhanced I-3K Bus structure to provide communication services…




Traditional Medicines Ministry of AYUSH hosted World Health Organization meeting on developing Standardized Terminologies and Benchmarks documents for Practice for Traditional Medicine. WHO is developing Benchmarks Document for Practice of Ayurveda, Panchakarma & Unani and International Terminologies Documents in Ayurveda,…







Tropical Cyclones One will be able to answer most of the questions related to Tropical Cyclones with this article-important topic for Prelims 2020. Tropical cyclone, also called typhoon or hurricane, an intense circular storm that originates over warm tropical oceans and is characterized…


Electric Vehicle Battery/Traction Battery Rechargeable (secondary) batteries, and are typically lithium-ion batteries. designed for a high ampere-hour (or kilowatt-hour) capacity. The most common battery type in modern electric vehicles are lithium-ion and lithium polymer, because of their high energy density compared to their weight. Lithium Ion…

1. Balpakhram National Park Garo Hills,Meghalaya Balpakram means ‘land of the eternal wind’ . Listed in UNESCO World Heritage tentative list. Asian golden cat,Marbled cat,Red Panda etc. found here. 2. Bandipur National Park Tiger reserve under Project Tiger, is a national park located in…

12. Manas Biosphere Reserve A national park, UNESCO Natural World Heritage site, a Project Tiger reserve, an elephant reserve and a biosphere reserve in Assam. Located in the Himalayan foothills, it is contiguous with the Royal Manas National Park in Bhutan. Known for its rare and endangered endemic wildlife…


Bioplastics Bioplastics are plastic materials produced from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, sawdust, recycled food waste, etc. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural by-products and also from used plastic bottles and other containers using microorganisms. Common plastics, such as fossil-fuel plastics (also called petrobased polymers) are derived from petroleum or natural gas.…

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) are outstanding landscapes of aesthetic beauty that combine agricultural biodiversity, resilient ecosystems and a valuable cultural heritage.Located in specific sites around the world, they sustainably provide multiple goods and services, food and livelihood security for…


3D Printing The 3D printing process builds a three-dimensional object from a computer-aided design (CAD) model, usually by successively adding material layer by layer, which is why it is also called additive manufacturing The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using additive processes.…

Carbon Sequestration Carbon sequestration or carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is the long-term removal, capture or sequestration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to slow or reverse atmospheric CO2 pollution and to mitigate or reverse global warming. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is naturally captured from the atmosphere through…

Green Economy The green economy is defined as economy that aims at making issues of reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities, and that aims for sustainable development without degrading the environment. The 2011 UNEP Green Economy Report argues “that to be green, an economy must not only be efficient,…





Important terms related to UNFCCC- some have been aksed earlier -like Bali Action Plan,Kyoto Protocol- picked from UNFCCC Website’s glossary. Important ones are with Dark Blue titles. Adaptation FundThe Adaptation Fund was established to finance concrete adaptation projects and programmes…



VIRUS Definition: Viruses are ultra-microscopic, non-cellular living particles, composed solely of a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) core, surrounded by a protein envelope called capsid. Characteristics of Viruses: The major distinguishing characteristics of viruses are given below. They are non-cellular…
















Precision Agriculture Precision agriculture (PA), satellite farming or site specific crop management (SSCM) is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter and intra-field variability in crops. The goal of precision agriculture research is to define…





1.The Jerdon’s Courser (Rhinoptilus bitorquatus) Iucnredlist.org It is a nocturnal bird found only in the northern part of the state of Andhra Pradesh in peninsularIndia. It is a flagship species for the extremely threatened scrub jungle. The species was considered to be extinct until it was…

BITCOINS Bitcoin (₿) is a cryptocurrency, a form of electronic cash. It is a decentralized digital currency without a central bank or single administrator that can be sent from user to user on the peer-to-peer bitcoin network without the need for intermediaries. Transactions are verified by network nodes through cryptography and recorded…













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