PATRIARCHY AND SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOUR



R.K. Merton’s Functional Postulates: Introduction Robert K. Merton, an influential American sociologist, developed a set of functional postulates as part of his functionalist approach to sociology. Functionalism is a theoretical perspective that views society as a complex system of interrelated…

Merton’s Latent and Manifest Functions: Explanation, Case Studies, and Famous Examples Introduction Sociologist Robert K. Merton developed the concepts of latent and manifest functions as part of his functionalist approach to analyzing social phenomena. Manifest functions are the intended and…

R.K. Merton’s Strain Theory, Conformity, and Deviance: An In-Depth Explanation Introduction R.K. Merton’s strain theory, developed in the 1930s and 1940s, is a sociological framework that seeks to explain the relationship between social structure, culture, and deviant behavior. The theory…

Anticipatory Socialization: An In-Depth Explanation Introduction Anticipatory socialization is a concept within sociology, initially introduced by Robert K. Merton as part of his reference group theory. This process involves individuals learning and adopting the values, norms, and behaviors of a…

Introduction R.K. Merton’s reference group theory focuses on social comparison and its influence on individual behavior and attitudes. The theory posits that individuals evaluate themselves by comparing their own attributes and achievements to those of a reference group. Definition of…

SOCIAL ACTION THEORY Max Weber’s Social Action Theory is a cornerstone of his sociological perspective, which emphasizes the importance of understanding human behavior within its social context. According to Weber, sociology should aim to interpret and understand social action, which…


Introduction Dialectical materialism is a philosophical framework developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, which combines the principles of dialectics and historical materialism. This theory emphasizes the role of material conditions, such as economic factors and social relations, in shaping…

Introduction The theory of alienation, also known as species-being or estrangement, is a fundamental concept in Karl Marx’s philosophical and sociological thought. Alienation refers to the process by which individuals become separated from their natural conditions of existence, losing control…

HISTORICAL MATERIALISM Historical materialism is a theory developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that offers a materialist interpretation of history, focusing on the ways in which economic and technological conditions shape social relations, institutions, and ideas. According to Marx,…



Agni-Prime Missile Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully test-fired the new generation nuclear-capable ballistic missile ‘Agni Prime’. Agni Prime’ is a short-range (surface to a surface) ballistic missile that will have a range of 1000 km to 1500 km and will…


Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is an instant real-time payment system developed by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) facilitating inter-bank peer-to-peer (P2P) and person-to-merchant (P2M) transactions. The interface is regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and works by instantly transferring…




TENTATIVE LIST Jingkieng jri: Living Root Bridge Cultural Landscapes NOTE-Living root bridges related state has been asked in past Prelims question paper. Locally known as Jingkieng Jri, Living Root Bridges (LRB) are Ficus-based rural connectivity and livelihood solutions within dense subtropical moist broadleaf…




Latest GI Tags/ GI Tags in News Narasinghapettai nagaswaram Nagaswaram made in Narasinghapettai in Thanjavur district has been granted the Geographical Indication (GI) tag. Classical wind instrument Narasinghapettai, a village near Thiruvidaimarudur, has an inseparable place in the world of…





Question on micropalstics/microbeads has come in recent Prelims Exam,so its an important topic given topics are repeated once in few years. Microplastics, or tiny plastic particles, are ubiquitous pollutants found almost everywhere on earth. Scientists have detected microplastics near the…

It is a campaign launched by the Department of Pharmaceuticals of the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers. It seeks to provide quality medicines at affordable prices to the masses through special kendra’s known as Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Kendra. Initially launched in 2008, the scheme was rechristened…





1.On creditors and Debtors -Increase in inflation-Lenders suffer, borrowers benefit -Decrease in inflation-Vice-versa 2.On lending -Lending institutions suffer with higher lending when inflation increases. -Decrease in “real cost of borrowing” = Inflation rate 3.On Aggregate Demand -Increase in inflation suggests…













Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative(SSI) (Already asked in Prelims 2013) Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative is an innovative method of sugarcane production using less seeds, less water and optimum utilization of fertilizers and land to achieve more yields. The major principles that govern SSI…













1.Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and Carbon Pricing Article 6 of the Paris Agreement aims at promoting integrated, holistic and balanced approaches that will assist governments in implementing their NDCs through voluntary international cooperation. This cooperation mechanism, if properly…







1. Central Asian Flyway The Central Asian Flyway (CAF) is a flyway covering a large continental area of Eurasia between the Arctic Ocean and the Indian Ocean and the associated island chains. The CAF comprises several important migration routes of waterbirds, most of which extend from the northernmost breeding grounds in Siberia to…



AGRICULTURE 3 options to increase food production- Agro chemical based agriculture Organic agriculture Genetically engineered crop-based agriculture Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) Plants, Bacteria, Fungi, and Animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called Genetically Modified Organisms. Advantages of GM…




1.Green-Ag Project The Union government on July 28, 2020, launched the Green-Ag Project in Mizoram, to reduce emissions from agriculture and ensure sustainable agricultural practices. Mizoram is one of the five states where the project will be implemented. Other states include Rajasthan,…

1. Dhruvastra India has tested a locally developed anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) system called Dhruvastra. Developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), the helicopter-launched Dhruvastra is designed to destroy enemy battle tanks, armoured vehicles and bunkers. Dhruvastra is…





Climate engineering, an application of geoengineering, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in Earth’s climatic system with the aim of reducing global warming. Climate engineering has two categories of technologies- 1.carbon dioxide removal 2.solar radiation management. Solar geoengineering is a…




Global Gender Gap Report- 2020 released by World Economic Forum India- 112/ 153- It was 108 in 2019 Based on 4 dimensions: o Economic Participation and Opportunity o Educational Attainment o Health and Survival, and o Political Empowerment. India is…

GSLV-Mk III / Chandrayaan-2 Mission Chandrayaan-2 launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota, India, aboard a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) rocket on July 22, 2019. Chandrayaan-2, India’s second mission to the Moon is a totally indigenous mission comprising…



GSAT-30 India’s telecommunication satellite GSAT-30 was successfully launched into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) on January 17, 2020 from Kourou launch base, French Guiana by Ariane-5 VA-251. GSAT-30 is configured on ISRO’s enhanced I-3K Bus structure to provide communication services…




Traditional Medicines Ministry of AYUSH hosted World Health Organization meeting on developing Standardized Terminologies and Benchmarks documents for Practice for Traditional Medicine. WHO is developing Benchmarks Document for Practice of Ayurveda, Panchakarma & Unani and International Terminologies Documents in Ayurveda,…







Tropical Cyclones One will be able to answer most of the questions related to Tropical Cyclones with this article-important topic for Prelims 2020. Tropical cyclone, also called typhoon or hurricane, an intense circular storm that originates over warm tropical oceans and is characterized…
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