IASNOVA – Smart Prep for UPSC and other Competitive Exams

High-precision Smart Modules, Quick Revision Capsules, Summary Tables and Interactive Mind-Maps for every subject — designed for clarity, speed and deep retention.

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Why IASNOVA Feels Different

Smart Prep Modules

Concept-driven, structured learning.

Quick Revision Modules

Ultra-fast high-retention notes.

Interactive Mind-Maps

Visual flowcharts & frameworks.

Summary Tables

One-glance comparative notes.

Not Just Content. A Learning Engine.

Every topic is rebuilt into frameworks, visual logic, layered interpretation and application models.

Subjects Covered

Polity & Governance

Economy & Finance

Climate Economy

International Relations

Geography

Art & Culture

Current Affairs

Political Science

Public Administration

Sociology

Psychology

Environment & Ecology

Science & Technology

Ethics & Philosophy

History & Civilization

Before You Go…

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Sociology · Critical Theory · Assessment

Marx &
Marxist Theory

Comprehensive Student Quiz — 15 Questions

Questions

Theories

—

Seconds Left

Score

Progress Question 1 of 15

Time Remaining 45s

“

— Marx in context —

Question 01

Performance by Theory

Question Review

Atmospheric Layers — Advanced Animated Model

Click a layer name to see detailed features · Cloud names are labelled

Troposphere (0–12 km)

• All weather
• 75% mass
• Temp ↓ with height

Stratus

Cumulus

Cumulonimbus

Stratosphere (12–50 km)

• Ozone layer
• Temp ↑ with height
• Jet streams

Cirrostratus

Mesosphere (50–85 km)

• Meteors burn
• Coldest layer
• Noctilucent clouds

Thermosphere (85–600 km)

• Auroras
• Very high temp
• ISS orbits

Exosphere (600 km+)

• Light gases (H, He)
• Satellites
• Fades into space

How ENSO Impacts the Indian Monsoon

Toggle ENSO phases to compare rainfall, temperature & wind anomalies

Rainfall Over India

Trade Winds Strength

Temperature Anomaly

Indian Monsoon Outcome

Smart Revision Diagrams

Visual learning for faster UPSC mastery

Weber: Types of Authority

flowchart TD A[Authority] --> B[Traditional] A --> C[Charismatic] A --> D[Rational-Legal]

Open Module →

Durkheim: Suicide Types

flowchart TD A[Suicide] --> B[Egoistic] A --> C[Altruistic] A --> D[Anomic] A --> E[Fatalistic]

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Marx: Alienation

flowchart TD A[Alienation] --> B[From Product] A --> C[From Process] A --> D[From Species-Being] A --> E[From Others]

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BoP: External Sector

flowchart TD A[BoP] --> B[Current Account] A --> C[Capital Account] C --> D[FII/FPI] C --> E[FDI]

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Ethics: Components of Attitude

flowchart TD A[Attitude] --> B[Affective] A --> C[Behavioural] A --> D[Cognitive]

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Basic Economics Quiz

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Karl Marx vs Max Weber – Comparison Quiz

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Physical Geography Quiz

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Psychology Quiz

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Indian Polity Challenge Quiz

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Jet Stream — Rossby Wave Animation

High-speed Westerlies at 9–12 km altitude, oscillating as ridges & troughs

Ridge (High Pressure)

Trough (Low Pressure)

Jet Streams are narrow bands of fast-moving air in the upper troposphere (200–300 hPa). They flow from west → east and develop Rossby waves, forming ridges & troughs. Their position influences monsoons, western disturbances, heat waves, and cyclones.

El Niño / La Niña — Interactive Pacific Mechanism

Switch between Normal, El Niño & La Niña to see changes in winds, warm water & thermocline

🌞 Normal Conditions

Strong easterly trade winds push warm water westward.
Warm pool in western Pacific (Indonesia/Philippines region).
Cold water upwelling near Peru/Ecuador.
Thermocline is tilted → shallow in east, deeper in west.

Daily Smart Facts

Durkheim: Social facts exist external to individuals & exert constraint.

Merton: Role-set → one status contains multiple roles, producing strain.

Giddens: Structuration → structure & agency constantly reproduce society.

Current Account Deficit rises when imports > exports & remittances fall.

Repo rate affects short-term liquidity & inflation expectations.

“Twin Deficit” → fiscal deficit fuels current account deficit.

Attitude = Affective + Behavioural + Cognitive components.

Ethical dilemma arises when two moral values conflict equally.

Nishkama Karma → action performed without expectation of reward.

Basic Structure Doctrine prevents Parliament from altering core principles.

Judicial Review ensures constitutionality of laws.

Governor’s discretionary powers apply during constitutional crises.

India’s Act East Policy deepens connectivity with ASEAN & Indo-Pacific.

Quad focuses on security, tech, climate, and resilient supply chains.

Cognitive Bias: Anchoring → people rely heavily on the first seen value.

Working memory retains 7±2 units; chunking improves retention.

Operant Conditioning: Behaviours reinforced tend to repeat.

ENSO + IOD Combined Impact on Indian Monsoon

Most-asked concept: how Pacific (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) jointly shape monsoon rainfall

ENSO Phase:

IOD Phase:

Combination Grid (Click a cell or use toggles)

ENSO / IOD	Neutral	Positive IOD	Negative IOD
Normal	Near-normal Baseline monsoon	Above-normal IOD boosts monsoon	Below-normal IOD weakens monsoon
El Niño	Deficient Classic drought risk	Near-normal / Mildly below Positive IOD partly offsets	Severe deficit Double hit to monsoon
La Niña	Above-normal Stronger monsoon	Very wet Flood risk in many regions	Near-normal / Skewed Offsets some La Niña boost

El Niño → tends to weaken Indian monsoon La Niña → tends to strengthen Indian monsoon Positive IOD → favours India (more rain) Negative IOD → suppresses India rainfall

Normal ENSO + Neutral IOD

All-India seasonal rainfall: near long-period average

Merton’s Strain Theory: 5 Modes of Individual Adaptation

Toggle each mode to see how people relate to cultural success goals and legitimate means.

Goals–Means Matrix

Cultural goals = socially approved ends (e.g. wealth, success). Institutional means = legitimate routes (education, jobs, law-abiding behaviour).

Cultural Goals

✔ Accepted

Success, achievement, wealth, social mobility.

Institutional Means

✔ Accepted

Education, hard work, legal/approved channels.

✔ Accept ✖ Reject ⟳ Redefine / Replace

Conformity

“Play by the rules and chase the same success goals as everyone else.”

Core idea

Typical examples

Sociological significance

Memory Systems Model — 3 Levels

Toggle to understand Sensory → Short-term → Long-term processing for UPSC Psychology.

Information enters & fades instantly.

Ultra-brief storage of raw sensory information (iconic, echoic).

Sensory Memory

First filter of information — extremely brief but essential.

Core Features

Examples

UPSC Significance

Attention Models Flowchart

From early selection (Broadbent) → attenuation (Treisman) → capacity model (Kahneman).

Early selection: one channel passes, others are blocked.

Unattended input is weakened, not completely blocked.

Attention = limited mental resource allocated flexibly.

Broadbent’s Filter Model (1958)

Information passes through a selective filter based on physical characteristics.

Core idea

Key experimental hints

Exam significance

Mind-Map of the Week

Visual revision of a high-yield UPSC topic

flowchart TB A([Attitude]):::main --> B[Affective
— emotions, feelings]:::sub A --> C[Behavioural
— action tendencies]:::sub A --> D[Cognitive
— beliefs, ideas]:::sub B --> B1[Emotional reactions]:::leaf B --> B2[Positive / Negative valence]:::leaf C --> C1[Intention to act]:::leaf C --> C2[Approach / Avoid tendencies]:::leaf D --> D1[Knowledge & Perception]:::leaf D --> D2[Cognitive distortions]:::leaf classDef main fill:#D5F5E3,stroke:#145A32,stroke-width:2px,color:#145A32,font-weight:800; classDef sub fill:#FDF7E3,stroke:#145A32,color:#145A32,font-weight:700; classDef leaf fill:#FFFFFF,stroke:#D5E8D4,color:#1D1C1B;