IASNOVA

IASNOVA

500 Most Probable Topics- List 5

Content visible only to IASNOVA PRO Subscribers. To subscribe, CLICK HERE 1. Electric Mobility Promotion Scheme 2024 The Electric Mobility Promotion Scheme 2024 is designed to boost Electric Vehicle (EV) adoption in India, with a budget of Rs. 500 crore…

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500 Most Probable Topics- List 4

Content visible only to IASNOVA PRO Subscribers. To subscribe, CLICK HERE 1. Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) Recently, an official delegation from the Department of Science and Technology visited Mauna Kea to discuss “challenges” to the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) project.…

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500 Most Probable Topics- List 3

Content visible only to IASNOVA PRO Subscribers. To subscribe, CLICK HERE 1. Koya Tribes Koya Tribe conserves Indian Bison by stopping the use of horns for traditional flutes. Located in Papikonda, Andhra Pradesh, and also in Madhya Pradesh and Orissa. Speak Gondi, Telugu,…

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500 Most Probable Topics- List 2

Content visible only to IASNOVA PRO Subscribers. To subscribe, CLICK HERE 1.  Stratospheric Aerosol Intervention (SAI): Geoengineering method that involves injecting reflective aerosols into the stratosphere to reflect sunlight and cool the Earth, aiming to counteract global warming. Modeled after…

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GM Mustard, GM Crops, GEAC – Prelims 2024

GM MUSTARD The Government of India has stated to the Supreme Court that Genetically Modified (GM) mustard could reduce the cost of quality edible oil and benefit national interest by decreasing foreign dependency. The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) has…

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Diseases in News – Prelims 2024

KYASANUR FOREST DISEASE- Recently reported in Karnataka Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever endemic to South Asia, particularly in India. Here are the key points about KFD: Cause: Caused by the Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus (KFDV),…

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Maldives and Lakshadweep Islands

Maldives and Lakshadweep have been in news in the recent past prominently and IASNOVA considers them important topics for UPSC Prelims 2024 around which questions can be asked, whether general information related to both or map-based questions, or questions on corals and reefs.

Temple Architecture- Prelims 2024

In News- The Ram Mandir, which is being supervised by the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust, is designed in the Nagara style of architecture.   NAGARA STYLE OF TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE The Nagara style of temple architecture, prevalent in North…

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Defence Topics for Prelims 2024

All the topics have been picked from updates by ISRO and DRDO. UPSC generally asks questions from their updates/ news.   Content accessible only to IASNOVA PRO Subscribers. To Subscribe, Click Here Mission Divyastra- AGNI V, MIRV India announced successful…

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Space Topics for Prelims 2024

All topics have been picked from updates given by DRDO AND ISRO. UPSC asks questions mostly from their updates.     Content accessible only to IASNOVA PRO Subscribers. To Subscribe, Click Here SPACE ISRO’s Milestone in Gaganyaan Mission Human-Rating of…

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GI Tags in News – UPSC 2024

Content accessible only to IASNOVA PRO Subscribers. To Subscribe, Click Here Geographical Indication (GI) Tag Definition: A GI tag is a sign used on products with a specific geographical origin, conferring an assurance of quality and distinctiveness. Protection: Ensures only…

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Corporate Governance- Ethics Paper

Introduction Corporate Governance refers to the system by which companies are directed and controlled.The principles of corporate governance are crucial for civil servants to understand, as they often interact with the corporate world and need to ensure that public interests…

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Ethical Issues in International Relations

Introduction Ethical issues in international relations encompass a complex spectrum of concerns arising from the interactions between different nations. These interactions are governed not just by political and economic interests but are also deeply influenced by ethical considerations. The field…

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Philosophical Basis of Governance and Probity

Introduction The philosophical basis of governance and probity delves into the ethical frameworks and moral principles that underpin the functioning of governments and public institutions. This concept is rooted in the belief that governance should be guided by ethical considerations,…

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Concept of Public Service

Introduction Public service is a concept central to governance and the administration of public affairs. It is pivotal in UPSC’s ethics syllabus, which expects aspirants to have a thorough understanding of its various dimensions. This concept extends beyond mere employment…

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Probity in Governance

Introduction In the realm of governance, probity stands as a cornerstone, reflecting the ethical integrity and uprightness expected in the administration and management of public affairs. It’s a principle that underpins the trust between the government and its citizens, ensuring…

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Emotional Intelligence- Concepts

Emotional intelligence (EI) is a multifaceted concept that has gained significant attention in psychology, leadership, and organizational behavior. Evolution of the Concept of Emotional Intelligence Early Concepts: The roots of EI can be traced back to theories of social and…

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Social Influence and Persuasion

Social Influence Social influence involves the ways in which individuals change their behavior to meet the demands of a social environment. It’s a fundamental process by which people’s beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors are molded by those around them. Types of…

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Moral and Political Attitudes

Moral Attitudes Moral attitudes refer to the predispositions or orientations individuals have towards ethical principles, values, and judgments. They play a crucial role in guiding behavior and decision-making, especially in situations involving moral or ethical dilemmas. Nature of Moral Attitudes:…

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Attitude’s Influence and Relation with Thought and Behavior

Attitude’s influence on and relation with thought and behavior is a crucial area of study in psychology and ethics. Attitudes significantly shape how individuals think and behave, impacting their decision-making processes, interpersonal interactions, and overall approach to various situations. Attitude…

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Kantianism

Kantianism, a philosophical theory developed by Immanuel Kant in the 18th century, emphasizes the principles of rationality, autonomy, and the moral law. It represents a significant shift from the consequentialist framework of utilitarianism to a deontological ethical theory, where the…

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Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism, a prominent ethical theory, is principally concerned with the maximization of happiness or utility. It was primarily developed in the 18th and 19th centuries by thinkers like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. This philosophy assesses the moral worth…

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Stoicism

Stoicism, a school of Hellenistic philosophy, was founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BCE. It’s known for teaching the development of self-control and fortitude as a means to overcome destructive emotions. The philosophy holds…

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Epicureanism

Epicureanism is a philosophical system based on the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus. It advocates for a life of moderate pleasure, guided by morality, rationality, and the pursuit of tranquility. The ethical dimensions of Epicureanism can be explored…

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ARISTOTLE

Aristotle (384–322 BC) Background Aristotle, a student of Plato and tutor to Alexander the Great, is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. His works cover various subjects, including ethics, where he made significant contributions that continue…

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PLATO

Plato (428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) Background Plato was a student of Socrates and later became the teacher of Aristotle, forming a foundational trio in Western philosophy. His work is central to understanding ethics and morality, significantly influencing Western…

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SOCRATES

Socrates (469-399 BC) Background Socrates, an ancient Greek philosopher, is one of the founders of Western philosophy. His work and ideas laid the groundwork for ethics and moral philosophy. He’s known not for penning books, but for engaging in dialogues,…

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Tiruvalluvar- Lessons from Life and Teachings

Tiruvalluvar, a celebrated Tamil poet and philosopher, is best known for his work, the ‘Tirukkural’, a collection of couplets on ethics, political and economic matters, and love. Dating back to somewhere between the 3rd century BCE and the 1st century…

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Guru Nanak- Lessons from Life and Teachings

Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus, was an influential spiritual and social reformer. Born in 1469 in the Punjab region of South Asia, his teachings laid the foundation for Sikhism and have…

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Guru Ravidas- Lessons from Life and Teachings

Guru Ravidas, a prominent North Indian mystic poet-saint of the Bhakti movement during the 15th to 16th century, left a significant impact on Indian society and spirituality. His teachings, deeply embedded in devotional songs and verses, revolved around spiritual equality,…

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Kautilya- Lessons from Life and Teachings

Kautilya, also known as Chanakya, was an ancient Indian teacher, philosopher, economist, jurist, and royal advisor. He is traditionally identified as the author of the Arthashastra, a classical Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy. His life and…

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Sri Rabindranath Tagore- Lessons from Life and Teachings

Rabindranath Tagore, a luminary of Indian culture, was a poet, writer, philosopher, educator, and Nobel laureate. Beyond his literary genius, Tagore was a visionary who advocated for educational and social reforms, and his thoughts on nationalism, internationalism, and spirituality continue…

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Narayana Guru- Lessons from Life and Teachings

Narayana Guru, a spiritual leader and social reformer from Kerala, India, played a pivotal role in the social reform movement against caste discrimination in the early 20th century. His teachings and actions focused on promoting social equality, spiritual enlightenment, and…

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Swami Dayananda Saraswati- Lesson from Life and Teachings

Swami Dayananda Saraswati, a prominent Hindu religious leader and the founder of the Arya Samaj, significantly impacted Indian society in the 19th century. His teachings and reformist activities focused on reviving Vedic ideologies and practices, challenging prevailing religious superstitions, and…

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Raja Ram Mohan Roy- Lesson from Life and Teachings

Raja Ram Mohan Roy, often regarded as the father of the Indian Renaissance, was a prominent social and educational reformer in the 19th century. His life and teachings offer a wealth of lessons in ethics, social justice, and religious reform,…

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Sri Aurobindo- Lesson from Life and Teachings

Sri Aurobindo, an influential spiritual leader, philosopher, and nationalist, made significant contributions to the fields of spirituality, ethics, and human potential. His life and teachings provide profound insights into the integration of spiritual practices with daily life, offering valuable lessons…

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Ramakrishna Paramahamsa- Lesson from Life and Teachings

Ramakrishna Paramahansa, a 19th-century Indian mystic and spiritual leader, left an indelible mark on the spiritual and ethical landscape of India and beyond. His life and teachings offer profound insights into the nature of spirituality, devotion, and ethical living. Here,…

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Swami Vivekananda- Lesson from Life and Teachings

Swami Vivekananda, a key figure in the introduction of Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world, remains an influential spiritual leader whose teachings offer profound insights into the realm of ethics. His life and teachings provide valuable…

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Ethics – in Private and Public Relationships

Ethics in private and public relationships is a broad topic that encompasses the moral principles and standards guiding human interactions in both personal and professional spheres. Understanding the nuances of ethics in these different contexts is essential for fostering healthy…

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Dimensions of Ethics

Ethics, a multifaceted and integral component of human society, plays a crucial role in guiding behavior and decision-making. The dimensions of ethics span across various aspects of life, from personal conduct to global issues. This article will explore these dimensions…

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Definition of Ethics- UPSC GS-IV

Ethics, a fundamental component of the UPSC General Studies Paper-4, encompasses a wide range of concepts, theories, and principles. Understanding ethics is crucial for civil services aspirants, as it forms the backbone of effective and moral governance. Here’s a detailed…

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Format For Answering Case Studies in Ethics GS4 UPSC Paper- A Complete Guide

This article gives a comprehensive guide to students for solving case studies related questions in ETHICS, INTEGRITY AND APTITUDE GS4 Paper. The article covers what all steps must be taken while framing a perfect answer for ethics case studies. The article also mentions all the lenses through which the dilemma should be analyzed. Finally a framework to reach at the most ethical conclusion is also mentioned.

Psychology of Gender- UPSC Exam

The Psychology of Gender is an expansive field that examines the social, cultural, biological, and psychological influences that constitute gender and how these aspects influence differences in behavior, cognition, and development among individuals. Here’s a detailed look at its various…

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Issues of Gender-based Discrimination and Management of Diversity – UPSC

Addressing gender-based discrimination requires a comprehensive approach that applies psychological principles to change individual attitudes, organizational cultures, and societal norms. Below are the psychological principles that can be implemented and the corresponding interventions. Psychological Principles to Address Gender-Based Discrimination Principle…

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Glass Ceiling Effect and Psychological Interventions- UPSC

The Glass Ceiling Effect: An Invisible Barrier to Success The term “glass ceiling” refers to an invisible barrier that prevents certain individuals, particularly women and minorities, from rising to the upper rungs of the corporate ladder, regardless of their qualifications…

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Motivating For Small Family Norms- Population Psychology

Psychology can be an instrumental tool in promoting small family norms by influencing attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors related to family planning and child-rearing practices. Here are some principles from psychology that can be used, followed by potential interventions: Psychological Principles…

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Consumer Rights and Consumer Awareness- UPSC

Consumer rights and consumer awareness are critical elements that contribute to the protection of buyers in the marketplace and the promotion of fair trade practices. Here’s a detailed examination of this domain: Understanding Consumer Rights Consumer rights are the legal…

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Motivating and Training People for Entrepreneurship and Economic Development

Psychological principles and interventions aimed at motivating and training individuals for entrepreneurship involve several strategic elements: Self-Efficacy Enhancement Principle: Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their capability to execute actions required to manage prospective situations. Higher self-efficacy is associated…

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Characteristics of Entrepreneurial Behavior- UPSC

Entrepreneurial behavior is a subset of human action pertinent to the initiation and development of new business ventures. Applied psychology examines such behavior to understand and predict how entrepreneurs will act in different circumstances and the traits that predispose individuals…

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Achievement Motivation and Economic Development – UPSC

Achievement motivation is often linked to economic development. Achievement motivation refers to an individual’s persistent effort to achieve success and excellence in their endeavors. This drive is influenced by personal standards and the desire for accomplishment. Here’s an in-depth look…

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Psychology of Terrorism- UPSC

The psychology of terrorism is a complex and multifaceted field that seeks to understand the motivations, thought processes, and emotional states of terrorists, as well as the psychological impact of terrorism on victims, security personnel, and the general public. Here’s…

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Media Influences on Anti-social Behavior- UPSC

Media influences on anti-social behavior represent a critical area of concern within applied psychology, which examines the potential negative impact of media consumption on individual behavior and societal norms. Here’s an overview of the topic under different subheadings: Understanding Anti-Social…

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Media Influences on Pro-social Behavior- UPSC

Media influences on pro-social behavior is a significant area of interest within applied psychology, as it pertains to understanding and leveraging media as a tool for fostering positive social behaviors. Understanding Pro-Social Behavior Pro-social behavior refers to voluntary actions intended…

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Psychological Interventions for Individual and Team Games- UPSC

Psychological Interventions for Individual Sports Individual sports require athletes to rely on their internal resources, and interventions are tailored to enhance personal motivation, concentration, and stress management. Goal Setting Athletes in individual sports like tennis or golf use goal setting…

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Sports Psychology Explained- UPSC Exam

Sports psychology is a specialized branch of psychology focused on the study and application of psychological principles to improve athletic performance, enhance physical activity experiences, and understand the psychological impacts of sport participation. Here’s an in-depth exploration of the field…

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Human Engineering In Defence- UPSC Exam

Human Engineering in Defense: A Detailed Overview Human engineering in defense is an essential aspect of military psychology, focusing on optimizing the fit between military personnel and the systems they use, enhancing performance and safety. Below is a more detailed…

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Military Psychology Explained – UPSC Exam

Military Psychology is a specialized area of psychology that focuses on the study, practice, and application of psychological principles and techniques to military activities. Military psychology encompasses a wide range of practices and research areas, which are geared towards addressing…

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Environmental Psychology Explained- UPSC Exam

Environmental psychology is a field of study that explores the interplay between individuals and their surroundings. It examines how the physical environment influences human behavior and well-being, and how individuals perceive and act within their environment. This field is inherently…

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Environmental Psychology- Effects of Noise, Crowding and Pollution

Environmental psychology studies the relationship between humans and their physical environment, focusing on how environmental conditions affect psychological well-being and behavior. Noise, pollution, and crowding are three critical environmental stressors with significant psychological impacts. Noise Psychological Impact of Noise Stress…

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Population Psychology- UPSC Exam

Population psychology is a niche field that examines the psychological implications of population dynamics, including population growth, density, fertility rates, migration, aging, and the environmental and social impacts of these factors on individuals and groups. Here’s a detailed look into…

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Evolutionary Perspective In Psychology- UPSC Exam

The evolutionary perspective in psychology refers to the application of the principles of evolution to explain psychological phenomena. It posits that the brain and behavior, just like physical traits, have been shaped by the process of natural selection. This perspective…

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Developmental Perspective In Psychology- UPSC Exam

The developmental perspective in psychology focuses on the growth and changes that occur across the human lifespan. It seeks to understand how and why people change over time and how they remain the same. This perspective integrates research from various…

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Humanistic Perspective In Psychology- UPSC Exam

The humanistic perspective in psychology is a holistic approach that emphasizes individual growth and potential, as well as the inherent value of a person. It emerged in the mid-20th century as a reaction to the determinism of both psychoanalysis and…

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Sociocultural Perspective In Psychology- UPSC Exam

The sociocultural perspective in psychology emphasizes the role of social interaction and cultural determinants in the development of our cognitive abilities and behaviors. It examines how social influences such as culture, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status affect individuals and groups. This…

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Cognitive Perspective In Psychology

The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on the mental processes that influence behavior. It encompasses the ways in which we take in, process, store, and retrieve information. The cognitive perspective asserts that complex mental states affect human responses to stimuli…

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Behavioral Perspective In Psychology- UPSC Exam

The behavioral perspective in psychology is a scientific approach that focuses on the study of observable behavior and the environmental factors that determine behavior. This perspective has its roots in the work of early psychologists such as Ivan Pavlov, John…

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Psychodynamic Perspective In Psychology- UPSC Exam

The psychodynamic perspective is an approach to psychology that studies the psychological forces underlying human behavior, feelings, and emotions and how they might relate to early experience. It is especially focused on the dynamic relations between conscious motivation and unconscious…

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Biological Perspective In Psychology- UPSC Exam

The biological perspective of psychology is a way of looking at psychological issues by studying the physical basis for animal and human behavior. It’s one of the major perspectives in psychology and has a broad base in the neurosciences. Here…

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Theoretical Perspectives in Psychology -UPSC Exam

Definition Theoretical perspectives in psychology are lenses through which psychologists understand behavior, thought processes, emotions, and overall mental health. These perspectives provide models or ideologies that guide psychologists in their research and clinical practices by offering different explanations for a…

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VERSTEHEN- MAX WEBER

Verstehen, also known as interpretive sociology, is a key concept in Max Weber’s sociological approach. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the subjective meanings, motivations, and experiences of social actors to gain insight into social phenomena. In this response, we…

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Difference Between KARL MARX and MAX WEBER

Karl Marx and Max Weber were two influential sociologists whose theories and ideas have significantly shaped the field of sociology. Despite both focusing on issues related to social class, power, and capitalism, their perspectives diverged in several important ways. In…

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POSITIVISM AND ITS CRITIQUE IN SOCIOLOGY

Positivism is a philosophical and methodological approach in sociology that emphasizes empirical observation, objectivity, and the use of the scientific method to study and understand social phenomena. Positivism is based on the belief that the social world can be studied…

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CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE IN SOCIOLOGY

The conflict perspective, also known as conflict theory, is a sociological approach that focuses on the role of social conflict, power dynamics, and inequality in shaping society. This perspective, in contrast to the structural functionalist approach, emphasizes the ways in…

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STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN SOCIOLOGY

Structural functionalism is a theoretical perspective in sociology that seeks to explain the role of social structures and institutions in maintaining the stability and cohesion of a society. It posits that society is a complex system of interconnected parts, which…

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PATRIARCHY AND SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOUR

PATRIARCHY Patriarchy refers to a social system in which men hold the majority of power and authority in society, particularly within the context of the family, the workplace, and the government. This structure results in the subordination and marginalization of…

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ROBERT K. MERTON- Complete Revision Summary for UPSC Mains

R.K. Merton’s Functional Postulates: Introduction Robert K. Merton, an influential American sociologist, developed a set of functional postulates as part of his functionalist approach to sociology. Functionalism is a theoretical perspective that views society as a complex system of interrelated…

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LATENT AND MANIFEST FUNCTIONS- R K MERTON

Merton’s Latent and Manifest Functions: Explanation, Case Studies, and Famous Examples Introduction Sociologist Robert K. Merton developed the concepts of latent and manifest functions as part of his functionalist approach to analyzing social phenomena. Manifest functions are the intended and…

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CONFORMITY AND DEVIANCE- R K MERTON’S STRAIN THEORY

R.K. Merton’s Strain Theory, Conformity, and Deviance: An In-Depth Explanation Introduction R.K. Merton’s strain theory, developed in the 1930s and 1940s, is a sociological framework that seeks to explain the relationship between social structure, culture, and deviant behavior. The theory…

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