IASNOVA
CERN
– The European Organization for Nuclear Research (known as CERN ) is a European research organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world.
– Established in 1954, the organization is based in a northwest suburb of Geneva on the Franco–Swiss border and has 23 member states.
– Israel is the only non-European country granted full membership.
– CERN is an official United Nations Observer.
– CERN’s main function is to provide the particle accelerators and other infrastructure needed for high-energy physics research – as a result, numerous experiments have been constructed at CERN through international collaborations. The main site at Meyrin hosts a large computing facility, which is primarily used to store and analyse data from experiments, as well as simulate events.
– CERN is also the birthplace of the World Wide Web.
Large Hadron Collider
– The LHC tunnel is located 100 metres underground, in the region between the Geneva International Airport and the nearby Jura mountains.
– The majority of its length is on the French side of the border.
– It uses the 27 km circumference circular tunnel previously occupied by the Large Electron–Positron Collider (LEP).
– God Particle- Higgs Boson was detected in LHC in 2015.
Participation of India in CERN
– India has been at CERN since the 1970s and Indian scientists have been participating at CERN actively
– The scientists of India were also seriously engaged with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiment, A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) and Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiments, and with the accelerator itself
– ALICE is a heavy-ion detector on the LHC ring while as the CMS is a general-purpose detector at the LHC
– The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) in Mumbai was the first to commission the LHC in 2001.
– India became an officially associate member with the CERN in 2017. Now, we are in the stage where we can propose experiments and also vote for how things happen at CERN
– Indian scientists can bring all the technology that they learn from CERN in use to develop the country
– CERN is planning to look for more Higgs-like bosons in its next run in 2021.
Contribution of India at CERN
– Various scientists from India are working at CERN in many R and D projects and the accelerator for the future.
– The upgrading of the High Luminosity LHC will start in 2025-26 — Indian scientists have been participating in the R&D
– The High-Luminosity LHC project aims to crank up the performance of the LHC in order to increase the potential for discoveries after 2025
– India can also take leadership in the next generation of ‘tabletop accelerators’ — the country could become a world leader in particle acceleration.Tabletop or a laser-plasma accelerator is an emerging class of particle accelerators that use a specialised laser and a charged-particle gas called plasma to get the particles to speed up.
What is the Higgs particle?
– The Higgs boson dubbed the ‘God Particle’ is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics, produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field, one of the fields in particle physics theory
– It is actually possible to have many heavy bosons, and a Higgs-like boson is that was found initially. Later, it was confirmed to be a Higgs boson
– There is a possibility of the existence of many bosons which are heavier than the Higgs particle
