Category Psychology
Life Span Development- Characteristics, Developmental Tasks, and Psychological Well-Being
Psychology ā¢ Development Across Life Span Life Span Development Characteristics ā¢ Developmental Tasks ā¢ Psychological Well-Being Life span development views human growth as a continuous, lifelong process. Psychological development does not stop at childhood; instead, it unfolds through qualitative changes,ā¦
Influence of Cultural Factors in Socialization: Smart Prep Psychology Module
PSYCHOLOGY ā¢ SOCIALIZATION & CULTURE Influence of Cultural Factors in Socialization Socialization is the process through which individuals learn to become functioning members of society. Cultureāshared meanings, values, norms, symbols, and practicesāacts as the invisible curriculum that shapes personality, behaviour,ā¦
Role of Genetic & Environmental Factors in Determining Human Behaviour: Smart Prep Psychology Module
Principles of Development: Development of Human Behavior- Smart Prep Psychology Module
Principles of Development – Development of Human Behavior | Psychology Principles of Development Development of Human Behavior | Psychology š·ļø Psychology š Human Development šÆ Exam Preparation š Module Overview Why This Topic Matters: Understanding the principles is like havingā¦
Freudās Theory of Psychosexual Stages of Development: Smart Prep Psychology Module
Freudās Theory of Psychosexual Stages of Development Clinical Logic Stage-by-Stage Clarity Visual Timelines Exam-Ready Notes 1) Core Idea: āPersonality grows through conflicts around pleasure & controlā In Freudās model, the child is not a āblank slateā but a psychologically activeā¦
Kohlberg’s Moral Stages of Development- Smart Prep Psychology Module
Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development: Smart Prep Psychology Module
Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development A Sociocultural Approach to Understanding How We Learn and Think Lev Vygotsky | Sociocultural Theory Introduction to Vygotsky’s Theory Developed by Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky in the early 20th century,ā¦
Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development: Smart Prep Psychology Module
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development- Smart Prep Psychology Module
Piagetās Theory of Cognitive Development ā Complete Smart-Prep Module How children build knowledge: from sensorimotor actions ā abstract reasoning (UPSC + Psychology worldwide) 1) Core Idea: āKnowingā is Constructed, Not Downloaded Jean Piaget argued that a child is not aā¦
Human Growth and Development: Smart Prep Psychology Module
Growth and Development: Complete Psychological Guide š± Growth and Development: Complete Psychological Guide 1. Growth vs. Development: Core Concepts Human growth and development describe the dynamic, lifelong process of change beginning at conception. Growth refers specifically to measurable, physical increasesā¦
Application of statistical techniques (t-test, Two-way ANOVA, Correlation and Regression, and Factor Analysis) and ITEM RESPONSE THEORY: Smart Module
Statistical Techniques for UPSC Psychology: t-test & ANOVA š Application of Statistical Techniques (UPSC Psychology) For UPSC Psychology Optional, a strong grasp of statistical techniques is indispensable. You’re not expected to perform complex calculations, but to understand when to useā¦
Research Designs- Experimental and Ex-Post Facto Designs: Smart Prep Module
Research Designs: Experimental & Ex-Post Facto (UPSC Content) š¬ Research Designs: Experimental & Ex-Post Facto (UPSC Special) UPSC Focus: Understanding research methodology is crucial for Sociology, Psychology, and Public Administration optionals, and for interpreting policy-related studies in General Studies papers.ā¦
Methods of Data Collection in Psychology- Interviews, Observation, Questionnaire and Case Study
Methods of Data Collection in Psychology 1. Introduction: Meaning of Data Collection in Psychology In psychological research, data collection refers to the systematic gathering of information about behaviour, experiences, attitudes, emotions, and mental processes using scientifically approved techniques. Since psychologicalā¦
Fundamental versus Applied Research in Psychology: Smart Prep UPSC Module
Fundamental versus Applied Research in Psychology 1. Introduction: Two Purposes of Psychological Research Psychology, as a scientific discipline, seeks both to understand human behaviour and to improve human well-being. These two goals are reflected in the distinction between Fundamental (Basic)ā¦
Reliability and Validity in Psychological Research: Smart Prep UPSC Module
Reliability in Psychological Research 1. Meaning and Concept of Reliability In psychological research, reliability refers to the consistency, stability, and dependability of a measurement tool. A psychological test or instrument is said to be reliable if it produces similar resultsā¦
Sampling in Psychological Research: Smart Prep UPSC Module
Mega-Flowchart- Major Steps in Psychological Research
Major Steps in Psychological Research ā Block 1 1. Meaning and Nature of Psychological Research Psychological research refers to the systematic, objective, and scientific investigation of human behaviour, mental processes, and experiences. It aims to move beyond speculation and commonā¦
Focused Group Discussion, Brainstorming, and Grounded Theory: Smart Prep UPSC Psychology Module
Advanced Qualitative Methods in Psychology 1. Focused Group Discussion (FGD) Conceptual Foundation A Focused Group Discussion (FGD) is a structured qualitative method where a small, homogeneous group discusses a specific psychological or social issue under the guidance of a trainedā¦
Quasi-Experimental Designs: Smart Prep Module on Methods of Psychology
Quasi-Experimental Designs Real-World Causation ā¢ Partial Control ā¢ Applied Psychology 1. Introduction: Why Quasi-Experimental Designs? In an ideal scientific setting, psychologists prefer true experimental designs with random assignment and full control. However, in many real-world situations, randomisation is impossible, unethical,ā¦
Experimental and Non-Experimental Research Designs: Smart Prep UPSC Psychology Module
Experimental and Non-Experimental Research Designs Structure ā¢ Control ā¢ Validity ā¢ Comparison 1. Introduction: Meaning of Research Design in Psychology A research design refers to the overall plan or blueprint that guides the collection, measurement, and analysis of data inā¦
Methods of Research in Psychology- Survey, Observation, Case Study, and Experiment
Types of Research in Psychology: Descriptive, Evaluative, Diagnostic, and Prognostic
Methods of Psychology ā Types of Research Descriptive ā¢ Evaluative ā¢ Diagnostic ā¢ Prognostic 1. Meaning and Importance of Research Typology in Psychology Psychological research does not follow a single purpose. Different studies aim to describe behaviour, evaluate interventions, diagnoseā¦
Application of Psychology to Societal Problems: Smart Prep UPSC Module
Psychology and Political Science: Smart Prep UPSC Module
Psychology and Political Science Psychology and Political Science intersect in their concern with power, authority, leadership, ideology, and mass behaviour. While Political Science traditionally studies institutions, constitutions, governments, and public policy, Psychology focuses on the mental processes and behavioural patternsā¦
Psychology and Economics: Smart Prep UPSC Module
Psychology and Economics Psychology and Economics both seek to explain human decision-making, but they differ fundamentally in their assumptions about human nature. Traditional Economics assumes that individuals are rational, self-interested utility maximizers, whereas Psychology demonstrates that human decisions are oftenā¦
Psychology and Anthropology: Smart Prep UPSC Module
Psychology and Anthropology Psychology and Anthropology are closely related disciplines concerned with understanding human behaviour, but they differ fundamentally in their level of analysis and explanatory focus. While Psychology primarily studies mental processes and behaviour of individuals, Anthropology examines culture,ā¦
Psychology in Relation to Sociology: Smart Prep UPSC Module
Psychology and Sociology Psychology and Sociology are closely related behavioural sciences that study human behaviour, but at different levels of analysis. While Psychology focuses on the individual mind and behaviour, Sociology examines groups, institutions, social structures, and collective processes. Together,ā¦
Psychology in Relation to Natural Sciences: Smart Prep UPSC Module
Psychology in Relation to Natural Sciences Natural sciences seek to explain phenomena through objective laws, biological mechanisms, and physical processes. Psychology, while studying behaviour and mental processes, draws heavily from natural sciences to explain the biological, physiological, and evolutionary foundationsā¦
Psychology and Scientific Methods- Smart Prep UPSC Module
Psychology and Scientific Methods For psychology to establish itself as a legitimate academic discipline, it had to move beyond philosophical speculation and subjective reflection. The adoption of scientific methods enabled psychology to study behaviour and mental processes systematically, objectively, andā¦
Historical Antecedents of Psychology: Smart Prep UPSC Module
Historical Antecedents of Psychology Psychology as a scientific discipline is the result of a long intellectual journey that spans philosophy, medicine, biology and experimental science. Long before psychology became an independent subject, thinkers across cultures attempted to explain human consciousness,ā¦
Definition of Psychology (Introduction to Psychology): Smart UPSC Prep Module
Psychology UPSC 2023 Question Paper and Solutions- Paper 2
Question 1. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (a) Compare directional and non-directional therapies with reference to their effectiveness. Directional therapies (like psychoanalysis and behavior therapy) focus on structured, therapist-driven interventions. These therapies guide the patient towardsā¦
Psychology of Gender- UPSC Exam
The Psychology of Gender is an expansive field that examines the social, cultural, biological, and psychological influences that constitute gender and how these aspects influence differences in behavior, cognition, and development among individuals. Here’s a detailed look at its variousā¦
Issues of Gender-based Discrimination and Management of Diversity – UPSC
Addressing gender-based discrimination requires a comprehensive approach that applies psychological principles to change individual attitudes, organizational cultures, and societal norms. Below are the psychological principles that can be implemented and the corresponding interventions. Psychological Principles to Address Gender-Based Discrimination Principleā¦
Glass Ceiling Effect and Psychological Interventions- UPSC
Motivating For Small Family Norms- Population Psychology
Psychology can be an instrumental tool in promoting small family norms by influencing attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors related to family planning and child-rearing practices. Here are some principles from psychology that can be used, followed by potential interventions: Psychological Principlesā¦
Govt. Policies for Promotion of Entrepreneurship Among Youth Including Women Entrepreneurs
Consumer Rights and Consumer Awareness- UPSC
Motivating and Training People for Entrepreneurship and Economic Development
Psychological principles and interventions aimed at motivating and training individuals for entrepreneurship involve several strategic elements: Self-Efficacy Enhancement Principle: Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their capability to execute actions required to manage prospective situations. Higher self-efficacy is associatedā¦
Characteristics of Entrepreneurial Behavior- UPSC
Entrepreneurial behavior is a subset of human action pertinent to the initiation and development of new business ventures. Applied psychology examines such behavior to understand and predict how entrepreneurs will act in different circumstances and the traits that predispose individualsā¦
Achievement Motivation and Economic Development – UPSC
Achievement motivation is often linked to economic development. Achievement motivation refers to an individual’s persistent effort to achieve success and excellence in their endeavors. This drive is influenced by personal standards and the desire for accomplishment. Hereās an in-depth lookā¦
Psychology of Terrorism- UPSC
Media Influences on Anti-social Behavior- UPSC
Media influences on anti-social behavior represent a critical area of concern within applied psychology, which examines the potential negative impact of media consumption on individual behavior and societal norms. Hereās an overview of the topic under different subheadings: Understanding Anti-Socialā¦
Media Influences on Pro-social Behavior- UPSC
Media influences on pro-social behavior is a significant area of interest within applied psychology, as it pertains to understanding and leveraging media as a tool for fostering positive social behaviors. Understanding Pro-Social Behavior Pro-social behavior refers to voluntary actions intendedā¦
Psychological Interventions for Individual and Team Games- UPSC
Psychological Interventions for Individual Sports Individual sports require athletes to rely on their internal resources, and interventions are tailored to enhance personal motivation, concentration, and stress management. Goal Setting Athletes in individual sports like tennis or golf use goal settingā¦
Psychological Interventions in Improving Performance of Athletes and Sportspersons
Psychological Interventions in Sports Performance Psychological interventions are strategies used to enhance the mental aspects of athletic performance. Here’s a detailed overview of these interventions under various headings: Goal Setting Definition: Establishing specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound objectives toā¦
Sports Psychology Explained- UPSC Exam
Sports psychology is a specialized branch of psychology focused on the study and application of psychological principles to improve athletic performance, enhance physical activity experiences, and understand the psychological impacts of sport participation. Here’s an in-depth exploration of the fieldā¦
Human Engineering In Defence- UPSC Exam
Military Psychology Explained – UPSC Exam
Military Psychology is a specialized area of psychology that focuses on the study, practice, and application of psychological principles and techniques to military activities. Military psychology encompasses a wide range of practices and research areas, which are geared towards addressingā¦
Impact of Rapid Scientific and Technological Growth on Degradation of Environment
The rapid advancement in science and technology has transformed modern life, offering countless benefits but also contributing significantly to environmental degradation. This degradation, in turn, has psychological implications, which are of growing interest within the field of environmental psychology. Here’sā¦
Environmental Psychology Explained- UPSC Exam
Environmental psychology is a field of study that explores the interplay between individuals and their surroundings. It examines how the physical environment influences human behavior and well-being, and how individuals perceive and act within their environment. This field is inherentlyā¦
Environmental Psychology- Effects of Noise, Crowding and Pollution
Environmental psychology studies the relationship between humans and their physical environment, focusing on how environmental conditions affect psychological well-being and behavior. Noise, pollution, and crowding are three critical environmental stressors with significant psychological impacts. Noise Psychological Impact of Noise Stressā¦
Psychological Consequences of Population Explosion and High Population Density- UPSC Exam
Population explosion and high population density have significant psychological consequences. These can range from the individual level, affecting mental health and behavior, to the broader societal level, influencing social structures and community well-being. Here’s a detailed analysis of these consequences:ā¦
Population Psychology- UPSC Exam
Population psychology is a niche field that examines the psychological implications of population dynamics, including population growth, density, fertility rates, migration, aging, and the environmental and social impacts of these factors on individuals and groups. Hereās a detailed look intoā¦
Evolutionary Perspective In Psychology- UPSC Exam
Developmental Perspective In Psychology- UPSC Exam
Humanistic Perspective In Psychology- UPSC Exam
Sociocultural Perspective In Psychology- UPSC Exam
The sociocultural perspective in psychology emphasizes the role of social interaction and cultural determinants in the development of our cognitive abilities and behaviors. It examines how social influences such as culture, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status affect individuals and groups. Thisā¦
Cognitive Perspective In Psychology
Behavioral Perspective In Psychology- UPSC Exam
Psychodynamic Perspective In Psychology- UPSC Exam
The psychodynamic perspective is an approach to psychology that studies the psychological forces underlying human behavior, feelings, and emotions and how they might relate to early experience. It is especially focused on the dynamic relations between conscious motivation and unconsciousā¦
Biological Perspective In Psychology- UPSC Exam
Theoretical Perspectives in Psychology -UPSC Exam
Definition Theoretical perspectives in psychology are lenses through which psychologists understand behavior, thought processes, emotions, and overall mental health. These perspectives provide models or ideologies that guide psychologists in their research and clinical practices by offering different explanations for aā¦