Category ECONOMICS

ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENT

Global Climate Funds & India’s Climate Finance Architecture: Smart Module

Economy & Environment Global Climate Funds & India’s Climate Finance Architecture One-page smart map of major multilateral climate funds + India-specific funds with purpose and administering body. ★ IASNOVA.COM — CLIMATE FINANCE ★ 1. Core UNFCCC / Paris Agreement Funds…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Currency Wars, De-dollarisation & Global Reserve Shift: Smart Module for Economics and GS

Currency Wars, De-dollarisation & Global Reserve Shift US Dollar’s Dominance • Weaponisation of Finance • Rise of Gold & Local Currencies • India’s Rupee Strategy 1. Core Concepts – Currency War, De-dollarisation & Reserve Currency (a) Currency Wars Currency war…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS, PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS & MOCK TESTS

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and New Development Bank (NDB)- Smart Prep Module for UPSC

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) New Development Finance • Infrastructure Focus • Asia-Centric Ownership • India’s Strategic Location 1. Genesis, Rationale & Global Context The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) was formally established in 2016 as a multilateral development bank…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Asian Development Bank (ADB) and INDIA- Smart Module for UPSC

Asian Development Bank (ADB) – Core Framework Regional Development Finance • Infrastructure • Poverty Reduction • Asia–Pacific Growth 1. Origin, Rationale & Evolution The Asian Development Bank (ADB) was established in 1966 to serve as the principal multilateral development institution…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

WORLD BANK and INDIA- Smart Module for UPSC

World Bank – Core Framework Development Finance • Poverty Reduction • Infrastructure • Human Capital 1. Origin, Rationale & Evolution The World Bank was created in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference along with the IMF. While the IMF was…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

IMF and INDIA: Smart Module for UPSC

International Monetary Fund (IMF) – Core Framework Global Monetary System • Balance of Payments Support • Quotas • Lending Toolkit 1. Origin, Purpose & Mandate The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was conceived at the Bretton Woods Conference (1944) and formally…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Exchange Rate Systems & Currency Convertibility- Smart Module for UPSC

Exchange Rate Systems & Currency Convertibility- Smart module for UPSC Economics, GS, Prelims and Mains exams, NET/JRF, State PCS and other exams worldwide, equipped with flowcharts, revision tables, and mind-maps for fast and comprehensive coverage.

IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Foreign Exchange Market & RBI’s Management: Smart Module for UPSC

Foreign Exchange Market & RBI’s Management Forex Market • Institutions • Reserves • RBI Intervention Framework 1. Foreign Exchange Market – Meaning & Structure The foreign exchange market is the institutional framework through which one country’s currency is exchanged for…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Capital Account: FDI, FPI, ECB & International Capital Flows (Smart Module)

Capital Account: FDI, FPI, ECB & International Capital Flows External Sector • Capital & Financial Account • FDI • FPI • ECB • NRI Deposits • ODA 1. Capital & Financial Account – Overview The capital and financial account of…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Current Account- Trade Balance, Services, Remittances, Private Transfers, CAD (Smart Module)

Current Account: Trade Balance & Services (Block 1) External Sector • Current Account • Merchandise Trade • Services Exports 1. Current Account – Overview & Role The Current Account records the economy’s day-to-day external transactions in goods, services, income and…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Balance of Payments (BoP)- Smart Prep Module for UPSC

Balance of Payments (BoP): Core Framework (Block 1) Indian Economy • External Sector • Balance of Payments • Current & Capital Account 1. Why Balance of Payments (BoP) Matters Balance of Payments is the master statement that records all economic…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

WTO – Non-Agriculture: TRIPS, TRIMS & Services (Smart Module)

WTO – Non-Agriculture: TRIPS, TRIMS & Services (Block 1) GS III • Indian Economy • WTO • Intellectual Property • Services Trade 1. Why Non-Agriculture at WTO Matters for India When we hear WTO, we often think of agriculture and…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

WTO & Agriculture: Smart Prep Module for UPSC

WTO & Agriculture – Foundations and Core Rules (Block 1) GS III • Indian Economy • WTO • Agriculture • Food Security 1. Agriculture in Global Trade – Why It Is “Special” in WTO Agriculture is not just another sector;…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Farm Subsidies & Minimum Support Prices (MSP): Smart Module for UPSC Economics/GS 3

Farm Subsidies & Minimum Support Prices (MSP) – Concepts & Indian Design (Block 1) GS III • Indian Economy • Agriculture • Subsidies • MSP 1. Why Do Farm Subsidies & MSP Exist? Agriculture in India operates under high risk…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Inclusive Growth & Issues Arising From It – Smart Prep UPSC Module

Inclusive Growth & Issues Arising From It – Conceptual Framework (Block 1) GS III • Indian Economy • Inclusive Growth • Development • Equity 1. What Is Inclusive Growth? In simple terms, inclusive growth means growth that is broad-based across…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Indian Economy and Issues Relating to Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development, and Employment: Smart Module

Indian Economy – Planning & Mobilisation of Resources (Block 1) GS III • Indian Economy • Planning • Public Finance • Resource Mobilisation 1. What Is Economic Planning? Why Was It Needed in India? In economics, planning means a deliberate,…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Investment Models – Public, Private & PPP (Smart Prep UPSC Module)

Investment Models – Public, Private & PPP GS III • Indian Economy • Inclusive Growth & Infrastructure 1. Introduction – What Is Investment in Economics? In economics, investment refers to the creation of new capital assets that increase a country’s…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Effects of Liberalisation & Changes in Industrial Policy: Smart Prep Module for UPSC

Effects of Liberalisation & Changes in Industrial Policy (Block 1) GS III • Indian Economy • LPG Reforms • Industrial Growth 1. What is Liberalisation in the Indian Context? In the Indian context, liberalisation means the reduction or removal of…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Land Reforms in India: Smart Prep Module for UPSC

Land Reforms in India – Historical Context & Core Pillars (Block 1) GS III • Indian Economy & Agriculture • Also relevant for GS I (Post-Independence India) 1. Meaning & Objectives of Land Reforms Land reforms in India refer to…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Government Budgeting, Types of Deficits, FRBM Act — UPSC Economics Smart-Prep Module

Government Budgeting (India) — UPSC Economics Smart-Prep GS III • Prelims • Indian Economy (Public Finance) 1. What is Government Budgeting? A Government Budget is a detailed statement of the government’s estimated receipts and expenditures for the upcoming financial year.…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Market Structures – Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly & Monopolistic Competition (Smart Module)

Market Structures – Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly & Monopolistic Competition UPSC Microeconomics Smart-Prep • GS III • Prelims + Optional Support 1. What Are Market Structures? In microeconomics, market structure describes how many firms operate in a market, how much…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Fiscal Deficit, Revenue Deficit & Primary Deficit – UPSC Smart-Prep Module

Fiscal Deficit, Revenue Deficit & Primary Deficit – UPSC Smart-Prep GS III • Government Budgeting • Public Finance Basics 1. Why Do Deficits Matter? When the government spends more than it earns, it runs a deficit. Deficits are not automatically…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Inflation Targeting by RBI – Smart Module for UPSC Economics

Inflation Targeting by RBI – Framework, MPC & Legal Basis UPSC Economics Smart-Prep • GS III • Indian Economy & Monetary Policy 1. What is Inflation Targeting? Inflation Targeting (IT) is a monetary policy framework in which the central bank…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

GDP Deflator vs CPI vs WPI- Smart Module for Economics

GDP Deflator vs CPI vs WPI – Concepts, Coverage & Measurement UPSC Economics Smart-Prep • GS III • Prelims + Mains 1. Why Do We Need Multiple Measures of Inflation? Inflation cannot be captured by a single index because different…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Comparing GVA & GDP – UPSC Economics Smart-Prep

Comparing GVA & GDP – UPSC Economics Smart-Prep GS III • Prelims • National Income Accounting 1. What is GVA? Gross Value Added (GVA) measures the value addition by each sector/firm in the economy. It is calculated as: GVA =…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Elasticity – UPSC Economics Smart-Prep Module

Elasticity – UPSC Economics Smart-Prep Module GS III • Prelims • Microeconomics 1. What is Elasticity? Elasticity measures the responsiveness of one economic variable to a change in another variable. It tells us how strongly consumers or producers react to…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Unemployment- Smart Module for UPSC Economics

Unemployment – Concepts, Types & Measurement UPSC Economics • GS III • Prelims • Indian Economy 1. What is Unemployment? Unemployment refers to a situation where people who are willing and able to work at the prevailing wage rate are…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Types of Economies – UPSC Economics Smart-Prep

Types of Economies – UPSC Economics Smart-Prep GS III • Prelims • Economy Basics 1. What Are “Types of Economies”? Economies differ in how they produce, distribute, and allocate resources. The classification is based on: Ownership of resources (private vs…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

Inflation – Concepts, Types, Causes & Effects (Smart Module for UPSC)

Inflation – Concepts, Types, Causes & Effects UPSC Economics Smart-Prep Module • GS III + Prelims + Optional Support 1. What is Inflation? In everyday language, people call any rise in prices “inflation”. But in economics, inflation means a persistent…

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IASNOVA

ECONOMICS

National Income – GDP, NDP, GNP, NNP, MP & FC

Idea of National Income – GDP, NDP, GNP, NNP, MP & FC UPSC Economics Smart-Prep Module • GS III + Prelims 1. What is National Income? National Income is the foundation of macroeconomics, representing the total income generated by a…

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